When was your last skin check?  SunDoctors recommends having an annual skin check and more frequent consultations if you’re over the age of 50.  No referral required.  Book online or call 13SKIN.

As a sun-loving nation, it's important to keep an eye on spots on our skin. Normal moles are incredibly common and develop during childhood and adolescence — by 15, the average Australian has over 50 moles. However, early detection is ideal if the spots you find are potentially a warning sign of skin cancer.

Common Types of Spots that Appear on Skin

Moles are formed when a collection of pigment-producing cells called melanocytes cluster together and form skin growths. Most moles are harmless and develop all over the entire body, including in areas unexposed to sunlight.

Other common spots include skin lesions. They encompass any area of skin that differs from that around it, due to skin damage. Examples of skin lesions include sunburns and skin with a small patch of crusted surface.

However, spots on the skin could also be signs of various forms of skin cancer. Common skin cancers include melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma as well as Bowen disease. Rare cancers include nodular Merkel cell carcinoma found on the scalp, sebaceous gland carcinoma on the eyelid, and Kaposi sarcoma on the mouth, most common in people with a weakened immune system.

Since skin cancers and skin spots come in different shapes and sizes, being able to identify cancer symptoms when observing a new mole is great to accompany your professional annual skin check for skin cancer prevention.

Age Spots

age spots
Image Source: Wikipedia

Age spots receive their name as they appear on normal skin as we get older. Commonly affecting fair skinned people over the age of 50, age spots do not fade. They appear on parts of the body often exposed to the sun, such as the face, hands, arms, upper chest and back.

They are caused when the production of melatonin is sped up by ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun, resulting in overactive pigmented cells.

Age spots do not require treatment as they are not painful and don't bleed or ooze, but could be early signs of skin cancer if you notice any rapid changes to them.

What they look like

Sun Spots

Sun Spot
Image Source: HealthLine.com

Also known as actinic keratoses or solar keratoses, sun spots are similar to age spots but slightly more dubious. People over 40 are at a higher risk of dangerous sunspots. With an early diagnosis, actinic keratosis can be successfully removed, but if left untreated, have the potential to become squamous cell carcinoma.

Squamous cell carcinoma (non-melanoma skin cancer) is the most common form of skin cancer in Australia but is not life-threatening. Squamous cell carcinomas occur when UV radiation damages DNA and accounts for 30% of non-melanoma cancer diagnoses. They are caused by excessive sun exposure on the face, neck, scalp, hands, forearms and legs.

What SUN SPOTS look like

Melanoma Spots

Melanoma spot on skin

Melanoma is Australia's 3rd most diagnosed skin cancer, and the Cancer Council predicts that 1 in 17 people will contract this cancer before they are 85. Australia and New Zealand lead the world with melanoma skin cancer diagnoses.

Whilst melanoma usually appears on parts of the body exposed to the sun, sun-protected areas are just as likely to develop these cancer cells (such as in the skin between the legs in women, and on the back for men). Your palms, fingernails, soles of the feet and toenails are also susceptible to this invasive skin cancer.

It is important to keep in mind that it is more common for melanoma to occur on seemingly normal skin, as only 20-30% of melanoma cases develop in existing moles.

What MELANOMA MAY look like

MELANOMA Causes

Red Spots

red spots on skin
Image Source: Medical News Today

There are several reasons you might have a red spot on your skin. It could be from a rash due to being exposed to the sun or heat. If they're located around your nose and chest, it might be expanding blood vessels, also from sun exposure.

However, red spots could also be a sign of the predecessor of squamous cell carcinoma skin cancer in-situ: Bowen's disease.

What they look like

Causes

White Spots

hands touching

Basal Cell Carcinoma is a non-melanoma skin cancer that has no symptoms other than appearing as pearly spots on the skin. It is a slow-growing cancer that does not spread to other parts of the body.

What they look like

causes

Brown Spots

Apart from the types possibly found on your skin previously mentioned, there are also brown spots that are benign.

If you notice irregular dark patches on your skin triggered by being in the sun and intensified with hormones, you may have melasma. This condition is common in women in their 20s-30s and may disappear during menopause as estrogen levels decrease.

If your round brown spot is raised and appears "stuck on" your skin, you may have seborrheic keratosis. These types of skin spots don't amount to cancer.

How to Identify Skin Cancer Signs

As a general rule, if you notice changes in size, shape, colour, or texture to the spots on your skin, it could be a warning sign for skin cancer. Skin cancer can affect anyone, and the risk increases with age — 2 in 3 Australians will be diagnosed with skin cancer by the age of 70.

Fortunately, early detection enables skin cancer to be easily and effectively treated. Hence, to complement your regular checkups with skin professionals, identifying particularly rapid growths in size, shape, colour or texture of your spots will be beneficial in reducing your risk of skin cancer.

We recommend at SunDoctors the ABCDE rule for identifying melanoma and other types of skin cancer, such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma:

Book a skin check and see a doctor for any concerning spots

Ultimately, regular check-ups with skin cancer professionals are your best bet to protect you from types of skin cancer, like melanoma, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

SunDoctors recommends an annual skin check and if you're over 50, more frequent consultations for signs of skin cancer. Contact us or book an appointment online at one of our many clinics across New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and South Australia.

It's common to develop new spots on our skin as we age. From patches of freckle-like marks to small red dots, most people will develop an age spot or two. But as it's impossible to get to know your skin inside out, how can you tell the difference between cancerous growths and harmless skin changes?

While they are harmless, age spots can be unsightly and as you'll read below, it can be difficult to distinguish between them and a suspicious spot. So let's discuss what they are, how to avoid them, and how to tell them apart from skin cancer.

What are age spots?

Age spots are areas of the skin with increased pigmentation. The small, dark spots are flat and vary in size. While harmless, age spots usually appear in areas that get a lot of sun exposure such as the arms, shoulders, face and hands and unlike freckles, they do not fade. They are the skin's way of protecting itself from further sun damage.

Doctor inspecting man for skin cancer

Age spots are usually solar lentigines but they are sometimes called liver spots or sunspots. However, they are different from sunspots which are actually precancerous growths called actinic or solar keratosis. The main difference is that while age spots are flat, sunspots often feel rough and scaly.

Age spots can also be seborrheic keratoses. Linked to skin tags, these can sometimes be scaly or wart-like, flat or raised.

Cherry hemangiomas are another type of age spot. These harmless red dots are very small and are caused by an overgrowth of blood vessels in the skin.

What do age spots look like?

Age spots, or liver spots, are usually flat, tend to be found grouped together and range from pink to tan to dark brown. Normally oval-shaped, they can range from freckle-sized spots to more than 10mm in diameter. They are most common in people over 50 years of age with light skin but can also affect sun-exposed areas in younger people.

What are the treatment options for age spots?

Age spots can be lightened using methods such as a chemical peel or laser treatment. However, these treatment options are only considered for cosmetic reasons because liver spots are harmless. However, it is important to minimise prolonged sun exposure to prevent further skin damage and lower your risk of developing skin cancer.

What causes age spots?

Age spots tend to appear when melanin, which gives skin its colour, is produced in high concentrations due to sun exposure. While anyone can develop age spots, it is more common in people with fair skin and those who use tanning beds or don't use sun protection. There are other factors that may make you more susceptible:

Prevent age spots and protect yourself against new age spots by wearing a wide-brimmed hat and wearing sun protection clothing with an ultraviolet protection factor of 50+ when undertaking outdoor activities. You should also wear sunscreen every day, whether you're exercising, spending time at the beach, watching the kids' sporting matches or not planning to go outside at all.

Can I just ignore age spots?

Although age spots are harmless, they shouldn't be ignored. Because as you have read, it can be difficult to differentiate a harmless age spot from skin cancers such as melanoma in the early stages. Therefore, you should have any areas with hyperpigmentation checked out by a doctor. Even if you are free of skin cancers, your doctor will be able to give you advice on how to prevent age spots and areas of your skin that need to be closely monitored.

Here are the 5 Key Differences Between Age Spots and Skin Cancer

As well as knowing how to protect yourself from sun damage that leads to unsightly age spots and dangerous skin cancers, you need to know how to tell the difference between the two. This will help you to detect skin cancer at an early stage because early detection not only increases your chance of successful treatment, it could also save your life.

1. Painful spots that bleed or ooze

Age spots are not painful and do not bleed or ooze. So if you have a spot displaying these symptoms you should see your doctor as soon as possible.

2. Rapid changes to age spots

The warning signs of melanoma can help you detect skin cancer in its early stages. Be on the lookout for an irregular border, a spot that is growing darker or becoming lighter, those that grow or shrink suddenly and changes to the surrounding skin.

Age spots tend to change colour from pink to brown over a long period of time. However, rapid changes to a spot, in size, shape or colour, are signs you should see your doctor immediately.

3. Age spots that itch

As skin ages, it can become dry and itchy. Both age spots and skin cancer can cause itchiness, so it's important to keep an eye out for other skin changes that may indicate there is a problem.

4. New age spots that look unlike the rest

The appearance of new age spots that look unlike those surrounding it should also prompt you to see a doctor.

5. Family history of age spots and skin cancer

If you have a personal history or family history of skin cancer you should mention this to your doctor during your regular skin check. You should also mention if age spots run in your family as both have a genetic component.

Still not sure if it's an age spot or skin cancer? Talk to a Doctor

Examination of mole

In most cases, age spots are a normal part of growing older and not something to worry about. You may not like them for cosmetic reasons but these early signs of damage are an important reminder to avoid sun exposure and protect your skin with sunscreen on a daily basis. It's never too late to start caring for your skin.

Whether you have solar lentigines, other types of age spots or it's something more serious, only your doctor can tell for sure. Caught in the earlier stages, skin cancers can be treated very successfully. So put your mind at ease and visit one of the highly trained doctors at a SunDoctors clinic. Skin checks take just a few minutes and are non-intrusive. Give them a call today on 13 SKIN (13 75 46) or book online.

Are you concerned about a spot on your leg? Has it gone dark or changed shape? Maybe it's itchy or irritable when it wasn't before.

Whenever we go outside, we are exposed to UV radiation that is carried in the sun's rays (yes, even on a cloudy day). While small amounts of UV radiation are not necessarily harmful (they can even be beneficial to human health) too much can cause damage to the skin.

In small amounts, this damage is absorbed by our body's production of melanin, which we know as a tan or as brown sun spots. Beyond that, however, the skin can burn and blister, and the affected skin can produce spots, moles or lesions that can develop into skin cancer.

It is important to be aware that skin cancer can happen anywhere and that the same skin changes we might notice on our face in the mirror or on our hands throughout day, we might miss on our legs. However, skin cancer is of equal concern wherever it is found on the body.

Types of Skin Cancer on the Leg

There are three main types of skin cancer on the leg.

Basal cell carcinoma

basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma makes up roughly 70% of non melanoma skin cancer (also known as keratinocyte cancer) cases. Basal cell carcinoma usually grows slowly, but detecting it early is still vital.

Basal cell carcinoma signs include patches of skin that change to develop growths, lesions or sores. The appearance of these lesions may differ, from shiny pink or red glossy bumps to irritated patches of skin or open sores that don't heal.

If basal cell carcinoma is caught early, it can usually be treated quickly and easily.

Squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for most of the remaining 30% of non melanoma skin cancer cases. Like basal cell carcinoma, it commonly occurs on the most sun exposed areas of the body. People with darker skin have a higher chance of developing squamous cell carcinoma on skin with lower sun exposure.

Squamous cell carcinoma signs include many of the signs of basal cell carcinoma, but may also present as rough, wart-like skin with a crusted surface. Squamous cell carcinoma may itch or bleed like a scab that doesn't heal.

Bowen's disease is a very early form of skin cancer, and is also known as squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Bowen's disease often appears as a rough, red scaly patch of skin that may be itchy and grow over time. It is sometimes confused for other skin conditions, such as psoriasis or eczema.

Melanoma skin cancer

Melanoma on leg

Melanoma skin cancer is the least common type of skin cancer, but it is considered to be the most dangerous. Melanoma skin cancer forms in skin cells called melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin, which controls our skin colour and causes our skin to tan or develop sun spots.

Melanoma signs can vary, but it is a good idea to get any new or unusual changes to your skin checked by your doctor. Left untreated, melanoma skin cancer can travel to other parts of the body and continue to grow, even if the original lesion is removed. Melanoma skin cancer can then be carried in your blood vessels where it can then metastasise in other parts of the body.

Nodular melanoma skin cancer may appear as a raised, dome-shaped growth that is dark coloured and firm to the touch. Nodular melanoma skin cancer can grow very quickly, forming in just a few weeks or months and spread to the deeper layers of skin.

Risk Factors for Leg Skin Cancer

The risk factors for skin cancer on the leg are similar to the risks affecting other parts of the body. Skin on the legs may be exposed to more sun than other parts of the body and so it is important to regularly check your legs for signs of skin cancer.

Signs and Symptoms of Skin Cancer on Legs

The signs and symptoms of skin cancer on the leg are similar to the signs of skin cancers in other parts of the body. Skin cancer can present in many different ways, so it is important to get any changes or growths checked by your doctor, particularly on skin exposed to the sun.

The first sign of skin cancer on the leg may be nothing more than a spot or a small lump. Skin cancer typically forms on skin ordinarily exposed to the UV rays of the sun, but this is not always the case.

The signs of skin cancer are diverse, but skin growths that develop scaly patches, uneven borders, itchiness or changes in colour to red, pink or brown or black may be a sign of basal cell skin cancers or squamous cell skin cancer.

A dark spot, particularly one that grows, bleeds, is irritable or does not heal, may be a sign of melanoma skin cancer.

The ABCDE rule

The ABCDE rule is a good way to determine whether skin changes might have some of the signs of skin cancer.

Actinic keratosis is a precursor to skin cancer that your doctor may decide to treat before it can become cancerous. Actinic keratoses are small spots of sun damage that present as rough and scaly patches of skin that may, over time, develop into lesions and skin cancer.

Additionally, normal moles can change due to excessive sun exposure. Skin cancer on the leg may be missed, as it is not a part of the body that we typically examine closely, compared with our face or hands.

The main signs or symptoms of skin cancer are unusual changes to your skin. If you spot any, it is best to check with your doctor. Early diagnosis is important as most skin cancers can be easily treated if caught early.

How legs are treated for skin cancer

Treatment options are varied and will depend on the stage and the spread. Your doctor will discuss the appropriate treatment options with you prior to treatment.

Prevent skin cancer on the leg – get checked today

There are a number of ways we can reduce our risk of skin cancer on the leg, but the best way is regular check ups with your doctor, where they can examine your body closely for signs of potential cancer.

Early detection of skin cancer is vital and routine check ups can greatly reduce the risk of skin cancer developing. The signs of skin cancer vary, and any strange spots on your legs or feet should be shown to your doctor immediately.

Book your skin check at a SunDoctors clinic near you. Our doctors are experienced and highly trained in skin cancer prevention, detection and treatment. You don't need a referral and can book online or call us today.

Did you know that your feet could be a hidden hotspot for skin cancer?

While skin cancer on your feet might not be as prevalent as on more sun-exposed areas, it can still sneak up on you, camouflaging itself as other foot troubles.

In this article, we'll take a closer look at foot skin cancers, the warning signs to watch out for, and why detecting them early is crucial for your overall health.

Types of Skin Cancer on the Foot

Understanding the different types of skin cancer that can affect your feet is essential for early detection and prompt treatment.

Let's explore the various types of foot skin cancers, including melanoma of the foot, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma, shedding light on their characteristics, risk factors, and potential warning signs.

Foot melanoma

Foot melanoma refers to melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, specifically affecting the skin of your feet.

While melanoma on the foot is not as common as in other areas that receive more sun exposure, it can still occur, particularly on the soles, under the nails, or between the toes.

Early detection of foot melanoma is crucial, as it can often masquerade as other benign foot conditions.

Being vigilant about changes in moles, the appearance of an irregular skin lesion, or dark streaks on the foot can help identify potential signs of foot melanoma and facilitate prompt medical attention.

Squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma On Foot

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of skin cancer that can develop on the foot and originates from the squamous cells, which are present in the outermost layer of the skin.

Chronic sun exposure, previous skin disorders, and even factors like a fungal infection can contribute to the development of SCC on the foot.

Recognising warning signs such as persistent ulcers and open sores is crucial for early detection and treatment, as SCC can potentially spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes if left untreated.

Basal cell carcinoma

basal cell carcinoma close-up

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common type of skin cancer that can also affect the foot, although it's less frequently found in this area.

It arises from the basal cells of the skin, which line the deepest layer of the epidermis.

BCC on the foot may present with unique characteristics, such as non-healing sores, bumps, or scaly areas.

While BCC tends to grow slowly and is less likely to spread to other parts of the body, early diagnosis and treatment are still vital to prevent further damage and complications.

Other types

In addition to malignant melanoma, SCC, and BCC, there are other types of skin cancers that can affect the foot. These less common types include amelanotic melanoma and nodular melanoma.

Amelanotic melanoma presents as a skin lesion without the typical dark pigmentation, making it more challenging to identify.

Nodular melanoma is an aggressive form of melanoma that grows rapidly and can appear as a raised, firm bump on the foot.

Understanding the characteristics and potential variations of these other types of skin cancers is essential for recognising any abnormal changes on the foot and seeking appropriate medical evaluation.

Risk Factors for Foot Skin Cancer

While anyone can develop foot skin cancer, certain factors can increase the risk of its occurrence.

It's crucial to be aware of these risk factors to understand the potential vulnerability and take proactive measures for prevention and early detection.

Let's explore the various factors that contribute to the development of foot skin cancer, such as:

Please note that these risk factors are not exhaustive, and individual circumstances may vary. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional for a comprehensive assessment of your specific risk factors and recommendations.

Signs & Symptoms of Skin Cancer on Foot

Recognising the signs and symptoms of skin cancer on the foot is crucial for early diagnosis and timely intervention.

Foot skin cancer can present with various indicators that may differ from those seen in other parts of the body.

Let's explore the common warning signs and symptoms to watch out for, such as:

Please note that these signs and symptoms are general indicators and may vary from person to person. It's important to consult a healthcare professional if you have any concerns or notice any unusual changes on your foot.

How feet are treated for skin cancer

When it comes to treating skin cancer on the feet, a multi-faceted approach is often employed, considering factors such as the type and stage of the cancer, its location on the foot, and individual patient considerations.

Let's explore the various treatment options available when foot skin cancer develops, such as:

Please note that the choice of treatment options depends on various factors. Treatment plans should be discussed with a healthcare professional experienced in skin cancer management.

Take action now to prevent skin cancers

In order to prevent skin cancers on the foot, it's important to take proactive steps towards sun safety and foot health.

This includes protecting your feet from harmful UV rays with appropriate footwear and sunscreen, conducting regular self-examinations to identify any changes or abnormalities, maintaining good foot hygiene, and seeking professional advice from healthcare providers.

By being proactive and vigilant, you can minimise the risk of developing skin cancers on your feet and prioritise your overall well-being.

Prevention is key, and taking action now can make all the difference in protecting yourself.

Visit a SunDoctors clinic to talk to a skin cancer professional

Female skin patient talking to skin clinic professional

The team at SunDoctors skin cancer clinics take great pride in educating the community about skin cancer and skin cancer prevention. SunDoctors is a leading provider of skin cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and education. With clinics operating in over 31 locations across Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia, SunDoctors patients are guaranteed a rapid diagnosis, pathology and referral.

For more information about SunDoctors, to learn more about melanoma checks and self-examinations, or to book a skin cancer check, free call 13 – 7546 (13 – skin) or book online at sundoctors.com.au.

It can be unnerving to discover a skin spot that you've never seen before. Could the new lump or bump be a sign of something sinister, or is it merely a harmless age spot? 

Find out the difference between age spots and melanoma and when to call the doctor...  

What are sunspots?

Sunspots are medically known as actinic keratoses (AK) or solar keratoses and are often mistaken for age spots or dry skin. They have the proclivity to crop up on areas of the body that have had excessive sun exposure over time. Often seen on the face, hands, neck, forearms, legs or head, sunspots are considered a warning sign that the skin is damaged. 

The use of appropriate sun protection is the best form of protection against these red and scaly spots. 

What causes sunspots?

Sunspots are more prevalent with age, but younger people can also develop them. They are caused by long-term exposure to the sun's ultraviolet light. The following factors can increase the risk of developing sunspots:

It's important to note that despite being mostly harmless, sunspots can still develop into the early stages of skin cancer. A skin check appointment to gauge an early diagnosis will offer peace of mind.

female skin cancer doctor talking to patient

What are age spots?

Age spots, also called liver spots, are often the price paid for spending too much time in the sun and can be found in all skin tones. They tend to rear their head from about age 40 and beyond.

Age spots are a form of hyperpigmentation that lie flat on the skin. Usually larger than the size of a freckle, their colour can vary from tan to brown and even black. You will notice that the size and shape of age spots can vary and are commonly found on the face, chest, hands, shoulders and arms. 

What causes age spots?

For many, age spots are an inevitable trade-off for spending too much time in the sun. By middle age, most people have experienced high levels of UV exposure resulting in changes to the integrity of the skin. Risks and causes associated with age spots include:

Real age spots don't require treatment but indicate sun damage, so it's always best to seek extra information from your doctor.  

What is melanoma?

Australia has one of the highest rates of skin cancer in the world, including squamous (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) as well as melanoma. Melanoma is the third most common diagnosed cancer in Australia, with about 18,000 people diagnosed in 2022. With this in mind, it is essential to understand melanomas and their characteristics.

Although rarer than BCC's and SCC's, melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer. It generates within the skin's pigment cells, referred to as melanocytes, and can radiate throughout the body via the blood and lymphatic system. 

What causes melanoma?

The fundamental cause of melanoma is overexposure to the sun's UV radiation. Unsurprisingly, this is the reason why 95% of melanomas develop. The risk factors that underpin the development of melanoma include: 

sun drawn with sunscreen at the back of the shoulder

Age spots vs Sunspots vs Melanoma spots - How do they compare? 

It can be quite confusing to distinguish between sun spots, age spots and melanoma, but they do have some distinct differences as well as commonalities. 

Similarities 

Differences

How to Identify a Suspicious Spot or Growth

Most moles or spots on the skin are harmless, but it is vital to understand the "skin you're in" and recognise any changes. The ABCDE rule for identifying skin cancer is a valuable acronym to help with self-evaluation. If you notice any of the following, seek professional advice:

A is for Asymmetry: one half of the spot does not match the other half.

B is for Border: the spot has a ragged, irregular or badly defined border.

C for Colour: there is no uniformity in colour but presents with shades of black, brown or tan and patches of white, red or blue.

D is for Diameter: even though melanomas are greater than 6mm or about the size of a pencil eraser, they can be smaller. Look for any changes in size. 

E is for Evolving: This is the most critical warning sign. Check for changes in size, shape, colour, height and if there is any crusting, bleeding or itching.

Other Signs of Melanoma to Look Out For

Like most things, melanoma doesn't always fit into these rules. Note any new changes or the appearance of new spots on the skin. Growths that look different to all the other moles on the body should also be investigated. There are many resources that can help 'spot the difference' between moles on the skin. Other signs of melanoma to look out for are:

Man having mole removed from cheek

When to see a doctor for your spots

There is no doubt that early detection is vital when faced with a cancerous mole. Recognising the warning signs of melanoma will pave the way for an expeditious diagnosis and lead to a better prognosis. Treatments for melanoma have improved exponentially, but prevention and a timely diagnosis are still the best options.

Regularly do a self-skin check and follow the ABCDE rule to cover all bases. Check your body completely, even areas not exposed to the sun, including the soles of the feet and under the nails. Use a good light and a mirror for difficult spots like your scalp or back. Enlist the help of a family member, friend or partner to also check for you.

In addition to your own evaluations, visit your doctor for a formal check at least once a year. They will also help you understand your level of risk.

SunDoctors skin cancer clinics use the latest technology and expertise to diagnose and treat all forms of skin cancer. With an emphasis on providing patient care that exceeds expectations, book an appointment to get the best advice on your skin health.

Our skin is a phenomenal organ in the body and also one of the most complex. It carries out a multitude of roles in the maintenance of health, but it can also harbour many problems, including skin cancer. 

It can be difficult to discern what a new mole, bump or growth means. There are various skin cancer types and they can each present differently. Melanoma is often an evolving spot that is irregular in shape, changes size or texture and can have different shades of colour.

Checking your own skin regularly and having an annual skin check by your doctor will help safeguard your health from melanoma. Early detection and cancer care is instrumental when it comes to successful treatment options.

In this article, we will help identify melanoma, the warning signs and the best course of action to take. 

Doctor inspecting man for skin cancer

What is melanoma?

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer that develops in cells referred to as melanocytes. Although less common than basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), melanoma has the capacity to spread to other areas and organs of the body if not treated early. 

Melanocytes produce melanin, which is the pigment that is responsible for skin colour. When the skin is over exposed to UV radiation, it results in mutations within the DNA of the melanocytes. These changes trigger uncontrolled cellular growth and consequently, melanoma. 

The main cause of melanoma is over exposure to sunlight or tanning beds. With this in mind, it's important to consider other factors which can also increase the risk of melanoma: 

Types of melanoma

What many people don't realise is that there are four main types of melanoma. To make matters more confusing, they can all be different in appearance. Look out for the characteristics of each and seek the advice of health professionals who can identify whether the spot is normal or a cancerous mole.  

  1. Superficial spreading melanoma: The most common type of melanoma. It can present as an existing or new mole and can occur at any age. Even though it can arise anywhere on the body, it typically forms on the torso, growing slowly and can invade the dermis. Look for a mole or lesion that is flat or slightly raised and begins changing shape, colour or size. Colours can comprise of tan, brown, black, red, pink, purple, blue or white. Some also lack pigment and can be flesh-toned or pink.
  2. Nodular melanoma: The most aggressive and invasive melanoma. The tumour digs deeper into the skin faster than other types of melanoma. It mostly affects people over 65 and is found commonly on the head and neck. Often identified as a blue-black bump on the skin or a pink to red bump. The lump or nodule feels firm and can be crusting, scabbing and bleeding.
  3. Lentigo maligna: The slowest growing melanoma. A superficial spreading type of melanoma, it usually develops on sun-damaged skin on the scalp, face, ears and neck. It resembles a blotchy patch with ragged edges that can be flat or slightly raised. The colours can include black, purple, any shade of tan to dark brown.
  4. Acral lentiginous: One of the rare melanomas. They appear in difficult to find areas such as the soles of the feet, palms of the hands or under finger/toe nails. Often mistaken as a bruise, it develops as either a colourless or lightly pigmented swath of skin.
fingers pinching mole on skin

What melanoma looks like during various stages

Skin doctors utilise a number of tests, a biopsy, criteria and pathology reports to help with cancer diagnosis. This information will also help your doctor identify if it has spread to other parts of the body. This is referred to as staging and will offer the optimum way to determine a treatment plan.  

Stage 0: This is the early stage and often referred to as melanoma in situ. Despite cancer cells being present, they haven't spread yet and are only on the outer layers of the skin or surface.The mole or freckle can typically be small, relatively flat and less than 0.1 mm thick. 

Stage 1: Similar to stage 0, but there are clear signs of progression. The mole or lesion is yet to move out of its primary site, but may have experienced growth, become slightly raised and may have started itching. It will be less than 2 mm in thickness.

Stage 2: The growth phase where you'll observe the spot definitively getting bigger. Ulcerating can begin as the colours can become variegated, borders become blurred and the asymmetry is further compromised. It will be at least 2 mm thick but yet to move beyond the primary site. 

Stage 3: This is the phase where the melanoma begins to spread often to the lymph nodes and the tissue near the original site of the spot. Surgery and comprehensive cancer care is inevitable.

Stage 4: Once in this stage, the cancer cells have metastasised and spread to distant parts of the body such as the bones, lungs, liver or brain. Targeted therapy incorporating immunotherapy, surgery and radiation may be used to alleviate pain, tackle side effects or other symptoms. 

The importance of knowing what to look for

There is nothing more important than prevention and early detection when it comes to melanoma. This will offer the best outcome for a patient who is diagnosed with any form of skin cancer. 

Different skin types may experience the disease differently. For example, people with darker skin who rarely get sunburned have less risk of developing melanoma, but it doesn't mean they are risk free. That is why any changes to the integrity of an existing mole, freckle or spot is a sign that it should be taken seriously. 

It's worthwhile noting that not all melanomas originate from moles. If you have a number of moles, getting routine examinations should be part and parcel of your health routine. Monthly skin self exams are also encouraged.

Signs & Symptoms of Melanoma

Australia has one of the highest prevalences of skin cancer in the world. Following expert guidelines for skin protection and skin health is essential to keep cancerous lesions at bay. 

Additionally, familiarise yourself with some of the signs of skin cancer and melanoma so that you can get expeditious support and treatment if necessary.

Common signs of melanoma

Uncommon signs of melanoma

The ABCDE rule for identifying suspicious moles

The best guide to remembering the critical warning signs of melanoma is the ABCDE rule:

Asymmetry: Where the shape of one-half of the spot or mole doesn't match the other half. 

Border: Review the border closely to see if the edges become uneven, ragged or blurred.

Colour: Variegatedand a difference in colour within the lesion. Shades of black, brown, and tan along with patches of white, red, blue or gray may be visible. 

Diameter: The diameter has grown in size and is usually larger than the size of a pencil eraser or about 6 mm. Melanoma is smaller when initially detected.

Evolving: One of the most significant characteristics of a melanoma mole is that it is changing. From the size, shape and colour to the mole developing in a new area of the body. Moreover, when the melanoma grows within an existing mole, the texture of the mole may alter and feel firm or lumpy. Some spots may begin to itch or bleed.

Skin doctor chatting to client in office

Other factors to consider when examining moles

As a generalisation, the most common location for melanoma for men is the chest or back, whilst in women it is in the legs. However, these cancer cells can also be found even in areas not exposed to the sun and especially on the neck and face. They occur mainly in adults, but children also benefit from regular skin checks.

It's wise to keep in mind that some melanomas may not fit into the usual guidelines. Any new mole should be treated with suspicion. If in doubt, see your skin doctor immediately and, if necessary, they will take a skin biopsy and ask you a number of questions. 

When to see a doctor for suspected melanoma

Not all moles or lesions are cancerous. A normal mole is found with a smooth, more defined border, usually lies flatter to the skin and is one colour. There isn't a section with patches of different shades and most are less than the size of a pencil eraser or 6 mm. 

However, see your GP or skin doctor if you find something out of the ordinary. Follow the ABCDE rule and take pictures of what you find. Your doctor will not only take a biopsy specimen and confirm the melanoma diagnosis, but they may also engage the services of a melanoma cancer care team. 

Some patients choose to see a doctor at a skin cancer clinic. These are usually staffed by GPs with a greater interest in and experience with skin cancer, like our doctors at SunDoctors. 

The SunDoctors have the resources and expertise to detect all types of skin cancers, including all melanomas. Your health and safety is our primary concern. Get in touch today on 13 SKIN ( 13 75 46) or Drop us a message online.

Melanoma of the skin is the third most common type of cancer in Australia. It can be deadly, accounting for nearly 3% of cancer deaths. One type of melanoma that can be harder to detect is nodular melanoma. It is often mistaken for harmless skin conditions such as insect bites, acne or blood blisters. And unfortunately, nodular melanoma can grow rapidly and quickly spread to other parts of the body. 

Because of its aggressive nature and ability to grow undetected, education on what nodular melanoma looks like and how to prevent it are key to early detection and saving lives. 

Here's a guide on how to spot nodular melanoma and when to see a doctor for suspicious moles and skin growths. 

Key Takeaways

What is nodular melanoma?

Nodular melanoma is a type of skin cancer. It is an invasive form of melanoma, which arises from pigment cells called melanocytes. Nodular melanoma is considered one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer. This is because nodular melanomas tend to grow quickly under the surface of the skin and spread into the skin's deeper layers (metastasis). Nodular melanomas comprise 10-15% of melanomas diagnosed in Australia. 

Compared to other melanomas, nodular melanomas are usually relatively small in diameter, symmetrical and evenly coloured. Sometimes they lack pigment entirely, appearing skin-coloured or pink. While other melanomas tend to grow outwards, nodular melanomas grow invasively beneath the skin. 

Although they are not the most common type of melanoma diagnosed in Australia, nodular melanomas contribute highly to the melanoma mortality rate because of the pace at which they grow and their thickness at diagnosis. If it hasn't spread at diagnosis, the survival rate of patients with nodular melanoma is about 98%. However, if it has spread to other parts of the body, survival rates drop to 22% after 5 years. 

Symptoms of nodular melanoma

Nodular melanoma presents differently from superficial spreading melanoma. In fact, a Victorian study of patients with nodular melanoma found the features of nodular melanoma lesions were in contrast to the 'ABCD' warning signs patients and doctors often look for to help diagnose skin cancer. Here are the changes to your skin you should be on the lookout for to help detect nodular melanoma:

Straw hat on pool deck

Causes of nodular melanoma

Nodular melanoma is caused by a mutation in melanocytes, which give our skin pigment and determine our hair colour. These mutations are commonly caused by damage to the DNA of a skin cell from exposure to ultraviolet light. So frequent sun exposure, sunburn and the use of tanning beds can all cause damage that leads to skin cancers. Genetics are also thought to play a role in the development of melanomas. However, very little is known about what causes these genes to mutate. 

Risk factors for nodular melanoma

Is nodular melanoma painful?

Skin cancers, including nodular melanoma, rarely cause pain. Therefore, just because a suspicious spot or mole is not causing you physical pain, doesn't mean it's not cancerous. 

study of nodular melanoma patients identifying early warning signs found that visual changes - a darker colour, changes to the shape and rapid vertical growth over a 2 week period - were more accurate indications that there was something "potentially problematic" with a mole or skin growth. 

Treatment options for nodular melanoma

As nodular melanoma tends to be quite invasive, the first treatment usually involves a complete excisional biopsy with a 1-2mm margin. If it's detected early enough, this surgery may be the only treatment required. However, because of its aggressive nature, treatments such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy may also be considered, even in the early stages. 

If the prognosis is not as positive and the melanoma has spread to other parts of the body, further surgery (to remove lymph nodes, for example) radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be required. 

It's also essential that melanoma patients have regular follow-up appointments to detect recurrences and continue to monitor their own skin. A second invasive melanoma occurs in up to 10 per cent of cases. 

Kid spreading sunscreen on face

Skin cancer prevention and care 

Because the outlook for nodular melanoma and, in fact, all skin cancers is not as positive if not detected early, prevention is key. Here are some tips to help you avoid skin cancer, particularly melanoma. 

Early detection tips for nodular melanoma

Because the 'ABCD' characteristics of melanoma do not help diagnose nodular melanoma, researchers suggest that 'EFG' - for elevated, firm and growing progressively for more than a month - may be more accurate warning signs to look for in moles and skin growths, increasing the likelihood of early detection. 

Still have questions about skin cancer?

Rapid growth is one of the most helpful clues to diagnosing nodular melanoma during its earliest stage when it's easily treated. For this reason, if a mole, spot or bump doesn't look right or begins to grow rapidly, see a doctor who specialises in skin cancer detection and treatment as soon as you can. 

The doctors at SunDoctors perform quick and easy skin checks. Book an appointment online or over the phone by calling 13 SKIN (13 75 46). Alternatively, leave us a message and we will be in contact with you. 

Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that can be life-threatening if not detected early. According to the Melanoma Institute, an Australian is diagnosed with Melanoma every 30 minutes. That's why it's more important than ever to be aware of the warning signs and symptoms.

In this article, we'll explore the early signs and symptoms of melanoma. Whether you've been personally affected by melanoma or simply want to stay informed, we'll provide you with valuable information to help you protect your skin and stay healthy.

What is melanoma?

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops when the pigment-producing cells, known as melanocytes, start to grow abnormally and form a tumour. Unlike other types of skin cancer, melanoma has a higher chance of spreading to other parts of the body and can be life-threatening if not detected early.

The primary cause of melanoma is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. The UV radiation damages the DNA in skin cells, causing them to grow abnormally and form a tumour.

Do genetics play a role in developing melanoma?

Genetics can also play a role in the development of melanoma. People with a family history of melanoma or certain gene mutations are at a higher risk of developing the disease.

The risk of developing melanoma increases with age, and people with fair skin, light-coloured eyes, and a history of sunburns are also at a higher risk. In saying that, anyone can develop melanoma, regardless of their skin colour or ethnicity.

By taking steps to protect your skin from the sun's harmful UV rays and being aware of the warning signs and symptoms, you can reduce your risk of developing melanoma and other types of skin cancer.

Common Symptoms and Signs of Melanoma

While the terms "symptoms" and "signs" are often used interchangeably, there is a difference between them.

Symptoms are subjective experiences that a person may feel, such as pain or itching, while signs are objective observations that a doctor can see or measure, such as a mole's size, shape, or colour.

For melanoma, both symptoms and signs are important to watch for. Some people may experience symptoms like itching, bleeding, or pain, while others may notice signs like changes in the appearance -- such as size, shape, or colour -- of a mole.

By being aware of both the symptoms and signs of melanoma, you can catch the disease early and seek medical attention before it progresses.

A new or existing mole that changes in size, shape, or colour

Changes in the size, shape, or colour of a mole can be a warning sign of melanoma. If you notice that an existing mole has changed in any way or if you develop a new mole that looks different from your other moles, it's important to have it checked by a doctor.

It's important to note that not all changes in moles are indicative of melanoma. Some moles may change over time due to normal growth or hormonal changes, and not all melanomas develop from existing moles. However, any change in a mole should be taken seriously and evaluated by a doctor.

Asymmetrical moles or moles with irregular or jagged edges

Asymmetrical moles or moles with irregular or jagged edges can also be a warning sign of melanoma. Unlike normal moles, which are typically round or oval and have smooth, even edges, melanomas may have uneven or irregular borders.

This is because the cells that make up the melanoma grow in an uncontrolled and disorganised manner, causing the mole to become asymmetrical. While not all asymmetrical moles are cancerous, it's always best to err on the side of caution and seek medical attention if you're concerned about a mole.

Moles that have different shades of brown, black, or other colours

Moles that have different shades of brown, black, or other colours can also be a warning sign of melanoma. Normal moles typically have a uniform colour and are one shade of brown or black. However, melanomas may have uneven colouration or may contain shades of red, blue, or white.

Melanomas that have different colours can indicate the presence of abnormal cells that are growing and dividing rapidly. If you notice a mole that has different shades of colour or that looks different from your other moles, it's important to have it checked by a doctor.

Doctor inspecting man for skin cancer

Moles that are larger than 6mm in diameter

Moles larger than 6mm in diameter can be a warning sign of melanoma. While not all melanomas are larger than 6mm, this is a common size for melanomas that have progressed to a later stage.

As melanomas grow and become more advanced, they can increase in size and become more difficult to treat. If you notice a mole that is larger than 6mm in diameter or has increased rapidly, it's important to have it checked by a doctor.

Moles that itch, bleed, or become crusty or inflamed

Moles that are itching, bleeding, crusting, or showing signs of inflammation or ulceration are often warning signs of melanoma. While not all moles that itch or bleed are cancerous, these symptoms can indicate abnormal cells growing and dividing rapidly.

As melanomas progress, they may also start crusting or showing signs of inflammation, which can cause discomfort or pain. If you notice a mole that itches, bleeds, or becomes crusty or inflamed, it's important to have it checked out by a doctor.

It's also important to note that other skin conditions can cause these symptoms, so it's essential to have a proper diagnosis from a medical professional.

How to spot the early signs of melanoma

Knowing how to spot the early signs of melanoma is essential for catching the disease early and seeking proper medical attention and treatment. Here are some tips to help you spot the early signs of melanoma:

By being aware of these tips and regularly checking your skin for any changes, you can catch melanoma before it progresses and seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.

The ABCDE rule

The ABCDE rule is a helpful tool for identifying the early signs of melanoma. This rule can help you recognise changes in moles and other growths that could indicate the presence of melanoma.

Here's what each letter in the ABCDE rule stands for:

Chart from Oakleaf Surgical

What should I look for when doing a skin check?

When doing a self-skin check, there are several things you should look for to identify any changes or abnormalities on your skin. Melanoma can occur anywhere on your body, from your legs and hands to your face and scalp, so it's important to perform full-body checks.

Here are some examples of what to look for:

By checking your skin regularly and being aware of any changes or abnormalities, you can catch melanoma early and seek proper medical attention. If you notice any concerning changes in your skin, it's important to have them checked by a doctor.

Early detection and treatment are key to improving outcomes and reducing the risk of cancer spreading to other parts of the body.

Woman wearing hat and smiling in sunshine

Am I at risk for melanoma?

Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that can affect anyone, regardless of age or skin type. In saying that, some people may be at a higher risk for developing melanoma than others. Here are some risk factors for melanoma:

What are the next steps?

Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that can be life-threatening if left untreated. By being aware of the common symptoms and early signs of melanoma, you can catch the disease early and seek proper medical attention and treatment.

If you notice any concerning changes in your skin, such as new growths or changes in existing moles, it's important to have them checked by a doctor. By taking these steps and conducting regular self-checks, you can help protect your skin and reduce your risk of developing melanoma.

The team at SunDoctors skin cancer clinics take great pride in educating the community about skin cancer and skin cancer prevention. SunDoctors is a leading provider of skin cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and education. With clinics operating in over 40 locations across Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia, SunDoctors patients are guaranteed a rapid diagnosis, pathology and treatment.

If you want more information or have any questions, want to learn more about melanoma checks and self-examinations, or want to book a skin cancer check, free call 137546.

We've all heard the sun safety message to 'slip, slop, slap'. But how often do you apply sunscreen to your eyelids? Eyelid cancers are more common than you might think. They make up 5-10% of all cancer cases. 

Skin cancer can occur in the upper eyelid, but more commonly affects the lower eyelids. Basal cell carcinomas are the most common skin cancers of the eyelid, making up about 90% of malignant eyelid tumours. Melanoma makes up less than 1% of eyelid cancers. 

Skin cancer on the eyelid is a serious condition that can lead to disfigurement or even the loss of your eye. Here we discuss how you can protect yourself from this common and potentially life-altering cancer and the signs to look for that something may be wrong. 

Can you get skin cancer on your eyelid?

Yes, the eyelids are a common place for skin cancer. Around 5-10% of all cases of skin cancer are found in the eyelid region. The lower eyelid is more commonly affected than the upper eyelid and basal cell carcinomas are the most common type of skin cancer in that location, making up 90% of cases.

Common types of eyelid skin cancer

Less common types of eyelid skin cancer

Close up of woman's nose in the sunlight

Common eyelid skin cancer symptoms 

The symptoms of eyelid cancer will vary from person to person, or they may have none at all. It's also important to remember that not all of these symptoms are necessarily signs of cancer

How skin cancer on the eyelids is treated

Treating skin cancers on the eyelids can be more complex than treating cancers on other parts of the skin because not only do they protect and lubricate the eyes, the eyelid is a delicate structure where skin cancers can easily go undetected. 

Following a biopsy, your doctor may recommend a treatment such as mohs surgery where an incision is made to remove the entire lesion. Following procedures to remove the eyelid cancer, reconstruction is required to help eye function. Cosmetic surgery may also be necessary to improve scar tissue. 

Other treatments such as radiation and chemotherapy may be recommended. 

Eyelid cancers have a recurrence rate of about 5% after the initial procedure to remove it. Only extremely rarely is eye removal required as a part of the treatment for eyelid skin cancer. 

How to prevent skin cancer on your eyelids 

Hats and sunglasses can protect us from UV radiation - the leading cause of skin cancer - to some extent, but they are often not worn when undertaking exercise such as swimming. 

You can, however, apply sunscreen to your eye area, including your eyelids. Here are some tips on the best way to do this. If you think using an SPF moisturiser might be an easier option, research has shown people do a worse job applying moisturiser on the eyelids compared to sunscreen. 

If possible, staying out of the sun during the hottest parts of the day from 10am-3pm is the best way to protect your eyelids from sun damage. 

Risk factors and causes of skin cancer on the eyelid

Skin doctor checking patient's skin

What to do if you're concerned about skin cancer

Regularly checking your own skin for signs of skin cancer can help you detect a suspicious spot and boost your chance of successful treatment. This is no replacement, however, for a regular skin check with a doctor.

If you have a lump on your eyelid that concerns you, book an appointment to have it seen by a doctor who specialises in skin cancer detection and treatment. The doctors at SunDoctors can examine your eyes during a full-body skin check. Consultations with our extensively trained medical practitioners take just a few minutes and no referral is needed. 

It is a well-known fact that the early detection of any sort of cancer often results in a better prognosis. This is also the case with skin cancer. 

Melanoma can be diagnosed if it is detected early and treatment is sought before it becomes metastatic. This is when cancer cells spread from their original location to other parts of the body. 

Aside from seeking advice from medical professionals, regular self-examinations are one of the best ways to notice any changes in the appearance of your skin. In fact, a Queensland study found that more than 40% of people with melanoma had detected it themselves. This is why it's essential to get to know your skin and understand what to look for when checking your skin and how to identify cancerous moles. 

Understanding Moles

Moles are very common and most people have around 50 on their bodies. But what exactly causes a mole to appear and do they carry a cancer risk? 

What are moles?

Unlike a freckle, which is normally flat, moles are typically raised. Moles are evenly coloured spots ranging in size from 1-10mm. While most are nothing to worry about, having a high number of moles and freckles is a skin cancer risk factor.

Types of moles

There are three main types of moles. The risk of these turning into melanoma depends on several factors. 

How moles develop

Moles typically appear in childhood and can be found anywhere on the body. They form on the skin when pigment-producing cells called melanocytes cluster, causing moles to appear on the surface of the skin. Melanocytes produce melanin, which gives the hair, eyes and skin their colour. 

The difference between cancerous and non-cancerous moles

A normal mole will be evenly coloured and will stay the same for a long time. If a mole is changing - if it looks or feels different - this is the time to have it checked by a doctor as there is a chance it has become cancerous. 

Because cancerous moles can have no symptoms, it's also important to seek advice if you have a mole on your body that doesn't look like the rest or if it becomes sore and fails to heal.  

The appearance of a new mole is another reason to see a doctor. 

A dark patch under the nails on fingers and toes and in the mouth can also be a cancer warning sign.

6 signs of cancerous moles

Not all skin cancers will have the following symptoms but these are the main ones to watch for signs of cancerous moles. If you notice any of these changes, it is important for your health to see a doctor straight away. 

1. Itching or bleeding

If a mole begins oozing or bleeding or has begun to itch or cause pain. 

2. Rapid mole growth

If a mole appears to change shape, become bigger or changes in elevation, this could also indicate early stage melanoma. 

3. Changes in texture

Cancerous moles can sometimes become scaly or appear lumpy or bumpy. 

4. Ulceration

Moles with ulceration could indicate that the layer of skin is breaking down and a tumour is spreading.  

5. Pigment spreading beyond the mole

You should also look out for redness or swelling beyond the border of a mole and colour spreading into the surrounding skin. 

6. Colour

Another warning sign is when moles change in colour, have a different shade or become blotchy. 

Woman checking her skin for skin cancer in a mirror

How to examine your moles at home

Don't forget to consider your risk factors including skin type, a history of sunburn, a family history of skin cancer, level of sun exposure and the extent of sun protection. 

An easy technique to follow when checking your skin is to follow the abcde technique to know what changes to look for. 

Spot the ABCDEs of cancerous moles

Asymmetry

If you were to draw a line through the middle of your mole and both halves do not look the same, it is asymmetrical. 

Border

Look for changes in a mole's borders such as spreading or scalloped or irregular edges. 

Colour

Keep an eye out for blotchy spots in the colour of the mole, the presence of many colours or a recent change in its colour. 

Diameter

The size of the lesion could be a concern if it is larger than 6mm (about the size of a pencil eraser). 

Evolving

Cancers grow and change constantly, so look for differences or growth in a mole's size, shape or thickness. 

Doctor inspecting man for skin cancer

When to see a doctor for your mole

If you notice any of the above signs of cancerous moles, it's important to have your mole checked by a doctor as soon as possible. As well as being quick and non-intrusive, a mole check can give you peace of mind. 

If your doctor suspects a mole could be cancerous, a biopsy will take place. This is when a small number of skin cells are taken for further examination. From there, your doctor will recommend the best course of treatment. This could be ongoing skin checks at regular intervals or may involve a simple cancer treatment such as simple surgery. If your cancerous mole has evolved, it may involve a more complex therapy such as chemotherapy or radiation, which can bring side effects. This is why early detection of a cancerous mole is so important. 

While prevention is by far the best way to avoid moles becoming cancerous, it's also imperative to look out for the warning signs and cancer symptoms listed above. Also, be sure to raise anything you see on your skin that concerns you with a doctor who specialises in skin cancer detection and treatment. 

The doctors at SunDoctors are extensively trained in cancer treatments and have the experience to provide you with an accurate diagnosis. Put your mind at ease and book a mole check today. 

When we step out into the sun, our scalp is the part of our body that is most exposed to the sun's damaging rays. And because our heads are covered in hair, changes in the skin that alert us to possible skin cancers are hidden. 

Unfortunately, scalp melanomas are the most lethal of all melanomas. One study found that people with scalp and neck melanomas were twice as likely to die compared to those with melanomas elsewhere on their bodies. 

So, with difficulty in detecting them and a poorer prognosis than melanomas on other parts of the body, what can those at risk do to prevent scalp melanoma? And what should you do if you detect a suspicious spot or skin growth on your scalp? 

Can you get melanoma on the scalp?

Yes, you can get melanoma on the scalp. Melanoma skin cancers can occur on any part of the body which has pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. 

Although melanoma is the least common type of skin cancer to be found on the scalp, after basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), it is the most serious and deadly of the three skin cancer types. This is because melanoma often develops suddenly and, if left untreated or goes undetected, can rapidly spread to other organs and lymph nodes. 

Mole on scalp

Why are scalp melanomas more lethal?

Although melanomas on the scalp and neck account for only 6% of all melanomas, they make up around 10% of melanoma-related deaths, according to one study. Melanomas have been found to be more lethal than other types of scalp cancer and there are two main reasons for this. 

The first is due to a delay in their diagnosis because of their location. They are usually hidden by hair and the scalp is an area in which they are very unlikely to be spotted by patients themselves. 

The second reason is that the scalp provides the right environment for melanoma to spread quickly because this area of the body has more blood vessels and lymph nodes, where cancerous cells travel. This means they grow quicker than melanomas elsewhere on the body. 

Signs and symptoms of scalp melanoma

The appearance of the cancer can vary, depending on the type of skin cancer. Early warning signs and symptoms to be on the lookout for include the following: 

To detect melanoma at an early stage, it's recommended you use the ABCDE method to check for changes in moles or skin growths. 

What scalp melanomas look like

Melanoma on the scalp can appear in different ways. While some melanomas can grow from preexisting skin growths or moles, many do not. They may appear as a black or brown spot, have irregular colours and borders or may appear as a firm pink or purple lump.

Melanomas can sometimes be mistaken for warts, moles, freckles, sores or ulcers, age or sunspots (actinic keratosis). 

Common risk factors for scalp melanomas

One of the leading causes of all skin cancer is exposure to UV radiation. Other risk factors for melanoma scalp cancer include: 

People with darker skin tones are less likely to develop skin cancers but have been found more likely to die from them compared to people with fairer skin. This may be because a suspicious spot is harder to detect on darker skin or it could be that those with darker skin tones are less likely to perform regular skin checks. 

Men suffering from hair loss have also been found to have an increased risk of developing scalp cancer, including melanoma. 

How to detect melanoma skin cancer on your scalp

You should check your scalp as part of your regular skin self-exam. However, it can be tricky to see all parts of your scalp, even when using a mirror. Therefore, having a trusted friend to help you check your scalp is a great idea. Get them to use a comb and hair dryer to part your hair, looking for any suspicious skin growths, bumps or unusual or new moles. 

Your hairdresser can also be a valuable resource when it comes to spotting melanomas on the scalp, as Queensland politician Yvette D'Ath found out.  Ask them to point out any unusual skin growths, spots or moles on your scalp during your regular appointments so you can have them checked further. 

Woman holding up hat outdoor

How to protect your scalp from melanoma and other skin cancers

Skin cancer on the scalp develops from sun exposure in most cases. So it's essential to protect your head by wearing a hat whenever you're out in the sun. Choose a hat with a broad brim to help protect your face and neck, too. Keeping a spare hat in your car along with your sunglasses is a great way to ensure you're never without one. Don't forget to protect your hair from the sun

Also, try to seek shade during the hottest parts of the day and wear clothing such as long-sleeved shirts and pants to protect the rest of your skin. 

You can also wear SPF sunscreen on your scalp to further reduce your skin cancer risk. Powder sunscreens are a great option, especially if you have a bald patch or thin hair. 

Put your health first and make an appointment with a doctor

Because melanomas on the scalp can spread so quickly, making treatment more difficult, early detection is important to achieving the best outcome possible. 

The team at SunDoctors skin cancer clinics are a wealth of information when it comes to sun protection and your skin. The doctors are trained in skin cancer detection and treatment and can provide you with advice on taking care of your skin, to keep you looking and feeling your best. 

They recommend having annual skin checks and more frequently if you are in a high-risk category for skin cancer. Book online or call 13SKIN (13 75 46) to make an appointment today. 

Spending time outside is a quintessential Australian pastime, and it is a wonderful way to reduce stress, remain active and enjoy the positive effects of vitamin D. However, the beauty and benefits of the Australian sun are not without its dangers, with UV rays responsible for causing some of the most common cancers among the population.

In this blog, we'll look at why skin safety is important and what you can do to kick off your 2024 sun safety routine.

Why summer skin safety is important- even in 2024

Two girls smiling with sunglasses on

It was estimated by the Cancer Council in 2008, that every year, over 400,000 people would be diagnosed with one or more non-melanoma skin cancer. At the same time as this study, melanoma was the fourth most diagnosed cancer in the country. Fast forward four years, and it is fast becoming the third. One thing that this data tells us, sun exposure is responsible for a whole lot of damage. 

What causes skin cancer?

Skin cancer is caused by too much exposure to ultraviolet light, or UV rays. UV radiation is invisible, and is produced by sunlight, tanning beds and solariums, causing damage to the skin cells with very little exposure. UV rays are present year round, even on cold and cloudy days, and they can reflect off surfaces such as water, snow and cement. 

Protecting yourself in the sun is not only about avoiding sunburn or stopping the signs of ageing, but reducing the risk of becoming another skin cancer statistic. The first step is being armed with the right information about how to protect your skin from the sun with a fully equipped sun safety routine.

So, before you step out into the sun this summer, read on for all the information you need to know for protecting yourself and your family. 

Essential tips to prevent sun damage

Applying and reapplying sunscreen lotion with a sun protection factor (SPF) rating of 30 or higher is something everyone should do, everyday. However, it is only the start of an effective summer sun safety routine. Consider the following to gain the ultimate peace of mind, skin health and protection this summer. 

1. Eat foods that help prevent sun damage

Watermelon

Diet is often an overlooked part of how we care for our bodies in response to external factors.

If you're skipping breakfast, coming off the night shift or you're prone to fasting in the daytime, you could be limiting your skin's ability to repair itself with the help of powerful nutrients

Rather than shooting off to the beach in the morning with plans for some hot chips in the afternoon, pack some blueberries and watermelon for their high level of free radical fighting antioxidants.

Incorporate more nuts and seeds, carrots and leafy greens and cauliflower into your meals. Top it all off with a nightly green tea and your skin will thank you with increased collagen and fewer wrinkles. 

2. Wear sun safe clothing

Smiling woman wearing bucket hat

It is widely known that covering up and wearing layers is one of the most effective methods of sun protection. This can look like including a long sleeved shirt in your fishing kit, packing a cover up in your beach bag, or opting for a long skirt over shorts when the weather is warm. For the ultimate protection, invest in UPF rated clothing and a hat with a wide brim to cover your neck, face, ears, and even the neck. 

The best hat is the one you are sure to reach for on your way out the door, and wear time and time again. Some of this year's hottest hat trends range from patterned knits to the classic adjustable cotton hat, with brands New Balance and Carhartt meeting the demand for stylish sunsafe options. Take style and function one step further with this on-trend UPF50+ rated plush reversible hat from Solbari

3. Use sun safe swimwear 

Woman in long sleeved blue swimsuit

There seems to be endless types of swimwear flooding the market these days. However, you may not realise that there are choices out there that will limit your UV exposure while looking great. Swimwear brands such as Shadeswim have gone the extra mile in creating swimsuits with UPF50+ fabric to provide the ultimate protection.

With options to cover the entire chest, neck and arms, the most susceptible parts of women are covered without the need to worry about wearing a rash vest or sweating under an extra layer. With clothing providing less protection against UV rays when it gets wet, swimwear with sleeves or a high neck gives the perfect solution

4. Practice good skin care for sun safety

Doctor checking patients skin

The skincare and makeup industry has begun to take notice of the impact that the sun has on the skin, causing freckles, wrinkles, age spots and patches of pigmentation.

Thankfully, this has resulted in many products featuring SPF as the industry works to meet the demand of consumers seeking genuine skin health and anti skin ageing properties. This makes it easier to incorporate sun safety into your daily routine, however, ensure that you're using the right kind of products for the best protection. 

The Cancer Council recommends a sunscreen of SPF 30+ to be applied and reapplied throughout the day. When it comes to skincare, a simple sunscreen can perform the job of anti ageing serums, oils and creams, prevent skin damage in the first place.

When choosing SPF infused makeup to protect your skin, always look for those with an SPF rating of 30 or more, and make sure you reapply regularly throughout the day.

Often, it is not possible to apply enough for adequate protection, with the SPF being diluted throughout the makeup, so make sure you're using a pure sunscreen base as well. Carry the Cancer Council's tinted BB cream or Invisible Zinc's tinted daywear cream to give you a boost of protection while freshening up your appearance for the next meeting or lunch date. 

5. Stay sun safety during your commute

Sunlight illuminating inside of car

If you spend most of your daylight hours inside, you might fall under the impression that your skin is safe behind your office window. Unfortunately, this isn't the case, and UV rays can penetrate tall office windows and fast moving cars.

According to the Cancer Council, commercial and automobile glass can block the majority of UVB rays, but up to 79% of UVA rays can penetrate. Laminated windscreens, however, can block about 98% of UVA radiation.

Clear or tinted films can reduce the total amount of UV radiation penetration by over 99%, making tinting highly recommended for those who spend considerable time on the road. Prepare yourself to travel anywhere with our tips on how to protect your skin while traveling.

6. Don't forget to cover your eyes!  

Sunglasses with ocean in background

Your eyes can be damaged from the sun just as your skin can. When choosing sunnies this summer, choose a pair that satisfy Australian standards (look for AS/NZS 1067:2016) and look for those with an Eye Protection Factor (EPF) of 9 or 10. Even better if they protect the sides of your face, and have the Cancer Council seal of approval on the tag. 

7. Bring the shade with you 

Gotcha covered yellow and blue beach tent

Good quality shade can reduce UV exposure by up to 75%, according to the chair of the Cancer Council National Skin Committee. If you're heading out to an area where you're not confident in the levels of shade, such as the beach, playground or soccer pitch, pack a portable gazebo or umbrella to erect at your convenience.

This will ensure you're never caught out, baking in the sun, or forced to leave an event before the sun reaches its peak. This Cancer Council approved pop up cabana with a UPF rating of 50+ is a great option, or the popular Sunnylife UPF 30+ cabana

Bring certainty to your summer with Sun Doctors 

One of the best ways to encourage children and family to be sun smart this summer is to make your entry way, mud room, garage or carport a hub for sun safety. Put a pump bottle of SPF 50+ sunscreen, broad rimmed hats, your portable shelter, sunglasses and light cover-ups in an easy to reach location, so you never leave home unprotected. Ensure sunscreen is kept at room temperature so the ingredients won't experience any changes. 

Once you've got your summer sun safety routine down pat, book in your annual skin check at any SunDoctors skin check clinics. Each doctor in our team, across our hubs Australia wide, are highly trained and have the expertise to handle any skin concerns.

There is nobody more qualified to give you a clean bill of health or to give you a treatment protocol to address your skin problems and manage your diagnosis. Gain certainty this summer, by booking your skin check at your local Sun Doctors.

Are you wondering whether your sun spot might be skin cancer?

While some skin spots are completely harmless, any changes to existing spots or the formation of new spots might be a sign of a developing skin cancer. Left untreated, these changes can develop into cancerous spots and skin cancer, including melanoma, the most deadly form of skin cancer.

Today, we'll look at what sun spots are and four ways to tell the difference between sun spots and skin cancer.

What are sun spots?

Sun spots are small, flat areas of localised melanin (the skin's natural pigmentation) that form on the skin. They naturally occur over time from long-term exposure to the sun. They most commonly form on the most sun exposed areas of the skin, such as on the head, shoulders, arms and hands.

While melanin is the same pigment that also gives us a tan, frequent and focused exposure to the sun can cause more melanin to form in a small area, causing these little spots to occur. Sun spots are also known as liver spots, age spots or solar lentigines.

There are several reasons that sun spots form and some people are more susceptible than others to getting them.

What causes sun spots?

There are a few key differences between a harmless sun spot or a developing skin cancer. In the next section, we'll look at the four main differences between the two.

1. Skin cancers can be raised, sun spots are not

Skin cancers can be bumpy and raised, while sun spots are typically completely flat and smooth. If a sun spot suddenly becomes raised, it may be a sign that it is growing or changing into a potential skin cancer.

Typical sun spot appearance

Sun spots appear as small spots or patches of darker skin. They may be considered unsightly, but they are natural and form more and more with age and long term exposure to the sun.

Shape

Colour

Texture

2. Change in appearance

Sun spots are usually flat and round and don't change much. Dark spots that begin to develop a scaly area or irregular border can be one of the early stages of skin cancer. A sudden change in appearance, such as the size, shape or colour, can be a warning sign that a sun spot.

3. Pain or discomfort

A skin cancer may suddenly become itchy or painful to the touch. Some carcinomas or melanomas might bleed or form a crust or scab and resemble open sores that do not heal. Sun spots should cause no discomfort and feel like any other part of your skin.

4. Location on the body

Sun spots typically appear on the areas of the body most exposed to the sun. However, skin cancers can appear anywhere and so may escape detection. Knowing your body and being familiar with your normal skin is the best way to detect any changes that may need further checking.

Do sun spots turn into skin cancer?

Some sun spots can be completely harmless, while others can develop skin cancer.

A sun spot that has changed in appearance or the appearance of a new sun spot should be checked by a doctor to determine whether it is at risk of developing into basal cell carcinoma, one of the most common types of skin cancer.

Not sure if it's a sun spot or skin cancer? - Talk to a Doctor

Cancerous sun spots may look a variety of different ways.

It is a good idea to check any existing spot on your skin regularly, as the early signs of skin cancer (including melanoma) may look like a simple sun spot. It is also good to observe moles carefully (especially new moles).

The best way to prevent skin cancer is to have regular skin checks. If you notice any unusual changes in a skin spot or mole you should contact your doctor immediately. Early detection is vital to provide the best chance for it to be effectively treated.

Use the ABCDE rule to check for early warning signs of skin cancers

While the ABCDE rule is a great way to check if skin changes are cause for concern, the only way to be sure is to see your doctor for a skin check.

How to limit sun spots from developing

Sun spots are a natural occurrence, but there are ways you can reduce your chance of developing more. Skin cancer prevention strategies are a great way to protect your skin.

Find a SunDoctors Skin Cancer Clinic near you and book an appointment today.

Skin cancer can affect people of all ages, on any part of the body. This is why it's important to be aware of spots and marks of concern by conducting regular skin checks on yourself. 

Knowing what skin changes to look for can help you spot the characteristics of cancerous moles and help with early detection and diagnosis.

Pictures of the 3 main types of cancerous moles 

No two skin cancers look the same. They can be challenging to spot because they can appear on different areas of the body and in different shapes and sizes. While skin cancer pictures can help you to understand what they can look like, it's important to realise skin cancers don't always show the same signs and not all will appear as they do in these photos. 

Melanoma

While most moles are benign, the first sign of melanoma can sometimes be a change in the feel or look of an existing mole. However, it could also be the appearance of a new mole. The appearance of melanoma can vary greatly from person to person, especially taking into consideration factors such as skin tone. Therefore, it's important to remember that melanoma pictures can give you an idea of symptoms, but not all melanomas will appear this way. 

Risk factors: UV exposure, a dysplastic nevus (or atypical mole), fair skin or hair colour, family or personal history of melanoma, suppressed immune system, and the environment in which you live. 

Basal Cell Carcinoma

basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinomas usually appear on parts of the skin that receive a lot of sun exposure, such as the face, arms and legs. They normally begin as small shiny bumps and they can look like a flesh-coloured mole. They can also appear as hard, waxy skin growths or may be shiny or scaly pink or red patches. They can sometimes bleed easily. Basal cell carcinomas account for about 70% of non-melanoma skin cancer disease in Australia. 

Risk factors: Fair skin and hair colour, adults frequently exposed to sunlight (particularly in childhood), having a personal history or family member who has had skin cancer, and/or a suppressed immune system. 

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma on face

Squamous cell carcinomas usually look like an abnormal skin growth such as a wart, ulcer or mole. They can appear as a scaly red patch and be rough and thick. They may also look like a raised growth with a depression in the middle. Squamous cell carcinoma is sometimes mistaken for a lesion or sore that won't heal. They may or may not bleed and can sometimes cause pain. Around 30% of skin cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. 

Risk factors: Exposure to ultraviolet light from the sun or tanning beds, fair skin, a family history of skin cancer, previous skin cancers or precancerous lesions such as actinic keratosis (sunspots), sunburn, aged over 50 years. 

How to identify cancerous moles

A change in your skin is often the first sign there could be a problem. If you spot something unusual on your skin, see a mole or skin growth changing, or a new bump or lump appears, have it checked by a doctor straight away. 

Use the ABCDE rule

A simple way to remember the warning signs of melanoma is the 'abcde' technique

A. Asymmetry - a difference in the two halves of a mole

B. Border irregularity or spreading edges 

CColor variations

D. Diameter larger than a pencil eraser

E. Evolution or changes in size, shape, or colour

Complete a self-examination

  1. Working in a layer fashion from top to bottom, examine your body carefully. Be careful not to skip any part. 
  2. Begin with the head and scalp. Don't forget to look closely at your nose, eyes, ears and each lip. 
  3. Next, move onto your neck and shoulders. You may need someone to help you look, such as a partner or trusted friend, or use a handheld mirror. Don't forget the back of your neck. 
  4. Closely examine your back, buttocks and sides before working your way around to the chest and stomach. 
  5. Examine your arms next, followed by your hands, including the palms and nails. 
  6. Look at your legs next. Don't forget the back and inside of your leg. 
  7. Leave your feet until last but don't forget to examine the soles of your feet, in between your toes and your nails. 
  8. Note down what you see so that you will have a record if you notice any changes and can raise these with your doctor.  

Schedule a professional skin examination

Did you know that 2 in 3 Australians will be diagnosed with skin cancer in their lifetime? This is why undergoing regular skin checks is vitally important for your health. 

A photo of a cancerous mole is one thing. Being a picture of health is another. So if you notice anything of concern on your skin that matches the above examples, put your health first and visit a doctor - it could save your life! 

The SunDoctors team are leading the way in skin cancer medicine. They always put patients first and can answer all of your questions, as well as provide you with the most important skin cancer facts. If you have a mole which requires removal, they can inform you of the best treatment options. Put your mind at ease and book an appointment today. 

Whether you're driving, hanging out the washing or playing sports, your upper body is exposed to the sun more than you probably realise on a daily basis. This means the skin on our arms is more likely to see excessive sun exposure over the course of a day.

In fact, researchers in the US discovered skin cancers were more commonly found on the left (driver's side) arm. They said this incidental sun exposure was likely a contributing factor.

While clothing goes some way to protecting our back and chest, and hats protect our scalp, head, neck and face, Australians are sometimes reluctant to cover up their arms and lower legs in the heat of summer when trying to keep cool. And sun exposure can do just as much harm in winter, when Aussies aren't as likely to be slathering on sunscreen every day.

So, how can you recognise skin cancer on your arm and is there a way to prevent it?

Can you get skin cancer on your arm?

The arms are a very common place for skin cancers to form due to the amount of sun damage they receive on a daily basis and cumulatively throughout our lives, particularly in childhood. The result of too much UV radiation causes damage to DNA in the skin cells, leading to skin cancer.

Risk factors for skin cancer on arms

Common skin cancers on arms

What about moles on my arms?

It's very common to have moles on your arms, but what exactly are they and how can you tell the difference between a mole and a freckle?

A mole is formed when melanin-producing cells called melanocytes cluster to form a skin growth on the skin's surface. Unlike a freckle which is typically flat, a mole is generally raised and can be found in a range of colours from brown and tan to blue or even pink.

Researchers have even discovered that the number of moles on your arms can even predict your skin cancer risk.

Changes to moles should be seen as a cancer warning sign. Read on below for what to look out for.

Early stage signs & symptoms of skin cancers on arm

Skin cancers rarely present with symptoms, which are changes you can feel in your body. Signs, on the other hand, can be measured using a diagnostic tool, such as a blood test or X-ray. A change in the appearance of your skin is usually the most common sign of skin cancer.

Signs

Look out for these signs in skin growths such as sores, bumps, lesions, moles or freckles:

Symptoms

Skin cancers can sometimes, but not always be painful. These are some of the other symptoms which may indicate sores, lumps, lesions, freckles, moles or keratoses (sun spots) have become cancerous.

cancer on arm

Less common signs and symptoms

Although they are usually the result of rare forms of skin cancer, you should have your skin checked by a doctor if you notice any of these signs on your skin.

What does skin cancer look like on an arm?

Some signs of skin cancer are easy to spot while in other cases, they appear as only subtle changes to your skin. Be on the lookout for:

How to check your arms for skin cancer

You should perform a skin cancer self-examination every three months. Use a mirror to help you monitor hard-to-see places such as the backs of your arms for any changes to your skin. Use the ABCDE of melanomas to remember what to look out for in moles and skin growths.

A - Asymmetry
B - Borders
C - Colour 
D - Diameter
E - Evolving

What to do if you suspect skin cancer

If you notice any changes to your skin or suspect a skin growth or mole on your arm could be skin cancer, your first step should be to seek out the advice of a doctor who specialises in skin cancer detection and treatment.

Talk to a doctor

When it comes to skin cancers, early detection can save your life. It also increases the chance of successful treatment. Your doctor can also give you important skin cancer facts and offer you support should you require cancer treatment.

Get a skin check

While you can perform self-examinations at home, having regular skin checks with your doctor will also help you to understand what to keep a closer eye on.

Steps for prevention 

Taking practical steps for sun safety can help you prevent skin cancer.

  1. Use an SPF sunscreen everyday and cover your entire body carefully, paying particular attention to your upper body by covering each shoulder, the ears, your neck, arms and hands. Don't forget the back of the legs and feet if they are uncovered. If everyone in Australia used sunscreen every day, we could slash our melanoma rates by one third
  2. Avoid sunlight during the middle of the day when UV Index is high
  3. Clothing offers great protection for your skin from ultraviolet rays - Wear sunglasses, hats, long-sleeve shirts and pants. 
  4. Don't use a tanning bed or solarium for any reason 

Although skin cancer on the arms is common, it is highly preventable and, in most cases, easily treated when detected early. Having regular skin checks with your doctor will also help you to understand what sort of skin conditions to be on the lookout for.

It's simple to book an appointment with the highly-trained doctors at SunDoctors and consultations often take just a few minutes. Book your appointment today.

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